Just in Time for the National League Playoffs

Back in the day, baseball was a glorious sport. There were no steroids, symmetrical ball parks, humidors, juiced up baseballs, or outlandish salaries. Baseball was fun. It was the national sport and the best times of the year were Opening Day and the World Series.

This makes the find of a newsreel by the Library of Congress that much more wonderful. The footage shows the Washington Senators defeating the New York Giants in the 1924 World Series (Mike Mashon wrote about the preservation process of the film in a blog for the Library of Congress.)

The newsreel headline was “Senators win World Series – 40,000 frantic fans see American Leaguers take 12-inning deciding game 4 to 3.” Walter Johnson was the winning pitcher.

It is an appropriate find, given the Washington Nationals are scheduled to meet up in the first round of the 2014 National League playoffs with the San Francisco Giants.

Play ball!

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Age Breakdown of Sports Participants

Recreation departments, sports manufacturers and retailers, coaching and trade associations, and athletic departments are interested in the age breakdown of sports participants. This information helps them develop customized equipment, services, programs, and coaching techniques to the sports participants in each age group. As well, age breakdown information provides valuable marketing insight that is used to promote goods, services, and the various sports.

The U.S. Statistical Abstract publishes sports participation levels by age groups using National Sporting Goods Association data. The 2012 publication provides 2009 NSGA information.

Key findings from the data show:

  • Soccer, baseball, basketball, and volleyball are predominantly youth sports.
  • Swimmers are split between two groups. Almost 42% are under 25 and about 45% are in the 25 to 54 age category.
  • Almost 57% of tennis players are in the 25 to 54 age group. A small percentage of tennis players are over the age of 55.
  • The breakdown of alpine skiers is similar to tennis; however, there are a higher percentage of older skiers than tennis players.
  • The sports of aerobic exercising, yoga, exercising with equipment, golf, and exercise walking have the highest percentage of older participants and the lowest percentage of youth participants. For each of these sports the percentage of participants in the 25 to 54 age category is between 54% and 65%.

sports participants

Sports Participation Rates by Gender

From a business perspective it is important to understand the breakdown of sports participation rates by gender. This information can be used for everything from developing equipment and coaching techniques that are gender specific to marketing goods and services to the players and teams.

The U.S. Statistical Abstract publishes sports participation rates by gender using National Sporting Goods Association data. The 2012 publication provides 2009 NSGA information.

Overall, the split between participants in all sports and leisure activities measured by NSGA is 49.1% male and 50.9% female. This is similar to the gender breakdown for the U.S. population.

The data shows the following sports have a higher percentage of male participants:

  • Baseball
  • Golf
  • Basketball
  • Alpine skiing
  • Soccer
  • Tennis.

On the other hand, the following sports have a higher percentage of female participants:

  • Exercising with equipment
  • Swimming
  • Volleyball
  • Exercise walking
  • Aerobic exercising
  • Yoga.

More current information will be available in the 2013 Statistical Abstract or it can be purchased from NSGA; however, variances from the 2009 data are likely to be minimal.

 

What Sports do Adolescent Boys Play?

USTA Serves, recently released the report “More than a Sport: Tennis, Education, and Health” to sell the positive benefits of tennis. It identified the participation rates for the top nine community-based sports programs and the participation rate of adolescent boys by race/ethnicity.

Football and basketball are the top sports for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. The highest percentage of Blacks participated in basketball, football, and track and field, while the most popular sports for Hispanics were football, soccer, and basketball. The top three sports for Whites were football, basketball, and baseball.

As expected, participation in team sports was greater than individual sports.

Interestingly, 16% of Whites did not participate in sports and only 12% of Blacks did not participate. About 15% of the Hispanic adolescents did not participate in sports programs.

The data shows that Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics prefer different sports. As communities expand their variety of sports programs, more adolescents are able to benefit from participation in sports.

For a comparison to the girls go to the blog post What Sports do Adolescent Girls Play?

For additional information contact USTA Serves.

 

 

 

 

 

USTA Study Shows Sports Participation Rates Favor Traditional Team Sports

Back in the day… the boys’ sports with the highest level of participation were football, basketball, baseball, track and field and wrestling. In many communities, these were the only programs.

The limited programs for girls included volleyball, basketball, softball, and track and field. The combination of Title IX and the expansion of recreation and sports facilities and programs created more opportunities for youth to participate in.

A recent (2013) report produced by the USTA, “More than a Sport: Tennis, Education, and Health” identified the participation rates for the top nine community-based sports programs.  The report shows the “traditional” sports still have the highest level of participation and the remainder of the list is filled out by a mix of team and individual sports. Over the past 30 years, soccer has become a major sport

For the boys, the participation rate and sport were:
40% Football
40% Basketball
25% Baseball
20% Soccer
17% Track and Field
10% Wrestling
9% Swimming
8% Tennis
5% Cross Country
Only 15% of the boys did not participate in a sport.

For the girls, the participation rate and sport were:
25% Basketball
23% Volleyball
17% Baseball/Softball
17% Soccer
17% Track and Field
12% Swimming
8% Tennis
4% Cross Country
3% Lacrosse
Unfortunately, 25% of the girls did not participate in sports programs.

The good news is that a high percentage of youth are participating in sports programs, particularly given the financial constraints put on schools, municipalities, and the private sector to offer such programs during the volatile economic times of the past decade.

USTA Serves, Inc. is the national charitable foundation of the USTA. For additional information contact the USTA, or go to Resources/Research tab on the USTA Serves website.

 

 

The Other Major League (Baseball)

Major League Baseball is America’s national pastime, but over the past 70 years many people don’t know that the U.S. has had two major leagues in addition to MLB. Researcher Sharon Taylor-Roepke discusses the least known, the AABGL, in her comments taken from the 1981 North America Society for Sports History 1981 Proceedings.

In 1992 Tom Hanks, Madonna, and Geena Davis starred in the movie about the AABGL. Hanks made one of many famous quotes from Out of Their League when he said, “Are you crying? Are you crying? ARE YOU CRYING? There’s no crying! THERE’S NO CRYING IN BASEBALL!”

The Other Major League, 1943-1954

In 1943 there existed three categories of Major League baseball, each representing the highest levels of their class: the white male major leagues, the black male major leagues, and the All American Girls Baseball League. The latter is THE OTHER MAJOR LEAGUE which, to date, is unacknowledged by the legitimizing institutions of organized baseball. Consensus declaration, financial stability, and elite athletic performance distinguish a “major” league.

The All American Girls Baseball League was a sustained popular attraction, declared a major league by its originators, and played and operated with professional expertise. The brand of ball played was “dead ball” baseball, and the game evolved in a fashion similar to male major league baseball.

The athletes were the top of their class and recognized as such by former male major leaguers. Wally Pipp, former N.Y. Yankee first baseman, termed Dotty Kamenshek the “Rockford Peach,” a better fielder than most major league (male) first basemen. Sophie Kurys stole more bases in a single season than any other major league ballplayer in history. She may never be acknowledged as the great ballplayer she was because organized baseball does not view women as real ballplayers. They are unrecognized by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and have been ignored in numerous histories of the game. They are less visible in baseball lore than their black counterparts who were ignored for many years.

The A.A.G.B.L. began a slow but persistent decline when Arthur Meyerhoff, Management Corporation owner, sold out to the franchise owners. Conflict between the Meyerhoff corporation and local city owners led to significant cutbacks in promotional funding and resulted in the League’s demise.

The All American Girls Baseball League, begun by P.K. Wrigley in 1943 as a nonprofit wartime entertainment, slid to a quiet death under the misdirected guidance of independent owners in 1954, The League’s innovative game with its charm school training, central player ownership, balanced team philosophy, and superbly trained female athletes died with most of the U.S. minor league system in the early 1950s, a victim of poor management and the entertainment competition of the postwar era.

 

Baseball, Drugs, and NAFTA

Jose Canseco is one of baseball’s most colorful, talented, flamboyant, and troubled athletes. Originally from Havana, Cuba, Canseco was at one time the leading Latin home-run hitter, with 462 dingers.

He is most notorious for his steroid use and tell-all book, Juiced, Wild Times, Rampant ‘Roids, Smash Hits and How Baseball Got Big. Canseco’s passion for the spotlight is matched by his love of playing baseball, i.e. his unwillingness to retire as a player. Since stepping down from the big leagues Canseco continued to play in the minors for teams ranging from the San Diego Surf Dawgs to the Worcester Tornadoes.

On February 15, 2012, the Daily Camera included a blurb quoting Brad Dixon of the Omaha World-Herald. He made the following comments about Canseco’s plans for the 2012 season as a 48 year-old player. Dixon stated, “Jose Canseco announced he’s making a comeback and joining a baseball team in Mexico. Mexican officials reacted by calling for an end to NAFTA.”

Wikipedia reports that Canseco actually joined the Quintana Roo Tigres, but was later banned for reported use of testosterone. The online resource did not mention whether Mexican officials were successful in repealing NAFTA.
 

Play Ball! Thoughts about Baseball and Life

Historically, the Cincinnati Red Legs have opened the Major League Baseball [MLB] season. This year the St. Louis Cardinals, sans Albert Pujols, and the Miami Marlins opened the season at Florida’s new ballpark on Wednesday, April 4. The game followed the 2012 MLB Japan opening series between the Mariners and the A’s, which strangely enough was held near the end of the exhibition season.

Over the past couple of years, MLB has been tainted by steroids and the notion that you can win a World Series by renting or buying the best players in the game. Nevertheless, there is something special about baseball. For most, it is the best sign that spring is here – an even better indicator than a date on the calendar or the outcome of Groundhog Day.


One of the best things about baseball is its tradition. And part of that tradition is the wisdom or quotes of some of the personalities who made the sport the national pastime. The following are just a few of the many great baseball quotes from http://www.baseball-almanac.com.

In the Movie “A League of Their Own,” Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks) says to Evelyn (Bitty Schram) “Well I was just wonderin’ why you would throw home when we got a two-run lead. You let the tying run get on second base and we lost the lead because of you. Start using your head. That’s the lump that’s three feet above your ass.”  [Evelyn starts to cry] “Are you crying? Are you crying? ARE YOU CRYING? There’s no crying! THERE’S NO CRYING IN BASEBALL!”

  • “Age is a case of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it don’t matter.” – Satchel Paige.
  • “A great catch (this one was by Curt Flood) is like watching girls go by; the last one you see is always the prettiest.” – Bob Gibson
  • “Booze, broads, and bullshit. If you got all that, what else do you need?” – Harry Caray
  • “I don’t like the subtle infiltration of ‘something for nothing’ philosophies into the very hearthstone of the American family. I believe that ‘Thou shalt earn the bread by the sweat of thy face’ was a benediction and not a penalty. Work is the zest of life; there is joy in its pursuit.” – Branch Rickey
  • “I’m not going to buy my kids an encyclopedia. Let them walk to school like I did.” – Yogi Berra
  • “Why do I have to be an example for your kid? You be an example for your own kid.” – Bob Gibson
  • “Ethnic prejudice has no place in sports, and baseball must recognize that truth if it is to maintain stature as a national game.” – Branch Rickey
  • “It ain’t braggin’ if you can back it up.” – Dizzy Dean
  • “You can observe a lot just by watching.” – Yogi Berra
  • “Everything looks nicer when you win. The girls are prettier. The cigars taste better. The trees are greener.” – Billy Martin
  • “Losing feels worse than winning feels good.” – Vin Scully
  • “I ain’t what I used to be, but who the hell is?” – Dizzy Dean
  • “Little League baseball is a very good thing because it keeps the parents off the streets.” – Yogi Berra
  • “Managing is getting paid for home runs someone else hits.” – Casey Stengel
  • “I never rush myself. See, they can’t start the game without me.” – Satchel Paige
  • “If Satch (Paige) and I were pitching on the same team, we would cinch the pennant by July fourth and go fishing until World Series time.” – Dizzy Dean
  • “In a nation committed to better living through chemistry — where Viagra-enabled men pursue silicone-contoured women — the national pastime has a problem of illicit chemical enhancement. Steroids threaten the health of the 5 percent to 7 percent of players proved, by a mild regime of scheduled tests, to be using them. Steroids also endanger emulative young people. Further, steroids subvert what baseball is selling — fair competition. And they strike at the pleasure of engagement with America’s team sport with the longest history.” – George Will
  • “He (Satchel Paige) threw the ball as far from the bat and as close to the plate as possible.” – Casey Stengel
  • “He (Leo Durocher) had the ability of taking a bad situation and making it immediately worse.” – Branch Rickey.
  • “After I got that hit off Satchel (Paige), I knew I was ready for the big leagues.” – Joe DiMaggio
  • “Being with a woman all night never hurt no professional baseball player. It’s staying up all night looking for a woman that does him in.” – Casey Stengel
  • “Some people have a chip on their shoulder. Billy (Martin) has a whole lumberyard.” – Sportswriter Jim Murray, LA Times
  • “Auggie Busch traded me to the last-place Phillies over a salary dispute ($5,000). I was mentally committed to winning 25 games with the Cardinals and now I had to re-think my goals. I decided to stay with the 25-win goal and won 27 of the Phillies 59 victories. I consider that season my finest individual achievement.” – Steve Carlton
  • “All I remember about my wedding day in 1967 is that the Cubs lost a double-header.” – George Will
  • “He (Bob Gibson) pitches as though he’s double-parked.” – Vin Scully
  • “He slud into third.” – Dizzy Dean
  • “When I gave up a grand slam to Pete LaCock, I knew it was time to quit.” – Bob Gibson
  • “I can see how he (Sandy Koufax) won twenty-five games. What I don’t understand is how he lost five.” – Yogi Berra
  • “Quickest Thinking of the Year: Pulled by Dizzy Dean the day in June when Babe Ruth made a personal appearance at Sportsman’s Park. Diz was supposed to pitch to the Babe. Ruth stepped to the plate, but in his weakened condition, the bat dropped off his shoulder. Sensing danger in the situation, Diz stepped off the mound, strode to the plate and pointed to right field – where the Babe used to clout them. Everybody recognized the gesture immediately.” – The Sporting News (1948)
  • “The way to catch a knuckleball is to wait until it stops rolling and then pick it up.”- Bob Uecker
  • “Correct thinkers think that ‘baseball trivia’ is an oxymoron: nothing about baseball is trivial.” – George Will

Play Ball!

Women’s Sports Touted as Contributor to Colorado Economy

On February 17th, the Denver Post reported “Women’s sporting events to be economic blockbuster for Denver.”

In the article, which was posted in the business section, Rich Grant of Visit Denver stated, “Women’s sports are becoming a huge economic engine, and Denver is poised to be known as a major center for this.” In particular, Grant was referencing the Colorado Crossroads volleyball tournament and the NCAA Women’s Final Four.

The Colorado Crossroads tournament is one of 9 national events where teams can qualify for the USA Junior Nationals. The Post reported that it will draw 11,000 players and 33,000 spectators over a two week period in late February and early March. The projected impact is about $22 million, with most of the benefit accruing to rooms, food, taxis, rental cars, trinkets, and other souvenirs.

The tournament reportedly hosted about 100 teams ten years ago, but is expected to attract 1,100 teams from 34 states this year. This speaks to the growth in the popularity of volleyball, the increased impact of USA Volleyball, and greater interest in women’s sports.

The NCAA Women’s Final Four will be in Denver April 1-3. In addition to the three games, the playoffs are billed as a three-day party, including events at the Colorado Convention Center prior to the tournament and a concert by Jewel. The direct economic impact is expected to be about $20 million. As with the volleyball tournament, the businesses that will feel the impact are hotels, restaurants, transportation, and retailers.

There is still hotel space in Denver during the Final Four and tickets were still available at the time the article was published. The Post cited enthusiasts who projected that hotel and tickets would pickup in the weeks ahead.

The two events attract very different crowds, which speaks to the diversity of the appeal of the region. The volleyball tournament will attract families to the area, who will likely spend less per person because of budget and time constraints. The Final Four is a special activity, which will have more corporate appeal. It will attract a crowd that is more likely to have time to explore the city and spend more in the local economy on a per capita basis.

The first event portrays Colorado as a place to be for participant sports, while the latter positions Denver as a location for the country’s top sporting events. The Final Four is expected to be covered in 177 countries.

As well as discussing the impact of the Colorado Crossroads and Final Four, the Post listed the economic impact of other previous sporting events:

2012 Women’s Final Four – $20 million – projected (direct benefits only)
2012 Colorado Crossroads -$21.9 million – projected (direct benefits only)
2008 NCAA Frozen Four Men’s Hockey – $15 million (direct benefits only)
2007 Rockies World Series (Games 3 and 4) – $10 million (may include direct benefits)
2006 AFC Championships $21 million (may include indirect benefits)
2005 NBA All-Star Game – $30 million (may include indirect benefits)
2004 Mountain West Conference Men’s Basketball – $4 million (
2002 Grand Prix Denver – $30 million (may include indirect benefits)

Comparisons of these events should be made with caution. Most likely these impact studies were calculated using different models. While the major source of impact for all events is food, room, transportation, and the purchase of goods and services, different methodologies may produce results that may not be comparable.

As mentioned above, some of the studies include direct impacts only while others include a much broader contribution to the economy (direct and indirect impact). This is like comparing apples and apple pie – they are different.

While it is important to understand the challenges in producing valid and reliable economic impact studies, the real point is that one-time special activities, such as sporting events, conventions, or film production can have a short-term positive impact on local economic activity. (This does not guarantee they have a positive fiscal impact on the economy.)

Of equal or greater importance are the intangible benefits of an event. Quite often they far exceed the economic activity. The above events have portrayed Denver in a positive light and helped mold the perception that it is a great place to live, work, and play.

 

Sports Illustrated Vault – Top Men Covers

Which male athlete has most frequently graced the covers of Sports Illustrated?

The answers can easily be found in the SI Vault (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/). The website includes a database that allows sports enthusiasts to conduct searches on articles, covers, galleries, and swimsuit issues. These searches provide an interesting perspective on what has been important in sports since SI began publishing in 1954.

The purpose of the following analysis is to identify the male athletes who most frequently adorned the SI covers and to look for other interesting trends. In December, 50 male athletes were selected for analysis. Their names, as listed in the charts below, were placed in the advanced search engine (exact phrase). Note that slightly different frequencies occurred when the names were placed in the general search box. It was also necessary to be aware of multiple athletes with the same name, such as Bill Russell, and adjust the search accordingly.

Keep in mind, the purpose of this analysis is not to identify the best athlete; rather the intent is to point out the athletes that adorned the SI covers most often. Athletes such as Lou Gehrig passed away before SI began publishing, so his coverage is minimal compared to current players. There are a number of factors that can determine whether an athlete makes the front cover or just receives mention in an article or picture gallery. The following questions address these factors:
• When did the athlete play?
• Did they participate in a team sport or an individual sport?
• How long has their sport been in existence, for example snowboarding is a relatively new sport?
• Did the athlete play in a major sport or a minor sport?
• Did the athlete play in a small market or a major market? Did they compete internationally?
• Who did the athlete have as sponsors and how well were they marketed?
• Was the athlete a flashy player who drew attention, such as John McEnroe, or were they a steady performer like Brian Gottfried?
• How has the interest level in their sport changed over time? Are people as interested in that sport as they once were?
• Were there lockouts or strikes during an athlete’s career that prevented additional exposure?
• Did the athlete experience injuries that reduced media coverage?
• Were there other events that were more significant or overshadowed the significance of an athlete’s performance?
• Was it a “slow sports day”, which allowed for certain athletes to receive greater coverage?
It is interesting to note who has been on the cover most frequently, but it can be equally as intriguing to consider the factors that may have caused or prevented greater coverage.

The data suggests that there are a handful of athletes who are media icons. Michael Jordan is one of them. He was on the SI cover 58 times followed in a distant 2nd and 3rd place by Tiger Woods and Muhammad Ali. Based on the data below, Tim Tebow will likely become the next icon if he turns out to be the real deal.

Woods tops the list for being in the most articles (6,983) followed by Jordan, Nicklaus, Mickelson, Manning, Favre, Bonds, and Brady. The latter group was each mentioned in 2,700 to 3,700 articles. The group of top 10 athletes represented football (3), basketball (3), golf (2), boxing (1), and baseball (1).

(Analysis of the SI database is included in the December 2, 8, and 20 blog posts. The three discussions identify the sports, major sporting events, male athletes, and female athletes to most frequently adorn the front cover.)